25Jun

Miscellaneous Case Updates

Seeligson v. Devon Energy: Gas Processing Fee Class Certified

Seeligson v. Devon Energy Prod. Co., L.P., Civil Action No. 3:16-CV-00082-K, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23166 (N.D. Tex. 2020).

In this royalty class action case, the class plaintiffs alleged that DEPCO improperly passed a 17.5% “gas processing fee” on to all class members by reducing their royalty payments by 17.5% thereby breaching the duty to market. In certifying the class, the court reasoned that because the gas is bought and sold under one contract and determining the rate a reasonably prudent operator would have received (“RPO Rate”) did not require proof of other sales, determining the RPO rate was subject to generalized proof and applicable to the class as a whole. The court also noted that the entire class was comprised of proceeds leases, making it distinguishable from the Texas Supreme Court’s decision in Union Pac. Res. Grp., Inc. v. Hankins, 111 S.W.3d 69 (Tex. 2003).

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22Jun

Strip and Gores Doctrine Extends Conveyance to Include Adjacent Severed Mineral Interest

Crawford v. XTO Energy, Inc., No. 02-18-00217-CV, 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 11066 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Dec. 19, 2019, pet. filed)

The Fort Worth Court of Appeals held that the “strip and gore doctrine” applied to a 1984 conveyance of 76 acres, causing the conveyance to also include a severed mineral interest underlying an adjacent 8.25-acre strip of land.

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18Jun

Can Emails Form a Purchase Contract? Texas Supreme Court Tackles the Issue in Two Recent Cases

Chalker Energy Partners III, LLC v. Le Norman Operating LLC, No. 18-0352, 2020 Tex. LEXIS 161 (Tex. Feb. 28, 2020);

Copano Energy, LLC v. Bujnoch, No. 18-0044, 63 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 348, 2020 Tex. LEXIS 49, (Jan. 31, 2020)

In response to COVID-19, many companies and their employees have quickly shifted to a “work from home” model. Even though email has been a large part of business for decades, the new “remote” reality has only increased our reliance on electronic communications. In a pair of recent cases, the Texas Supreme Court was tasked with deciding what role email plays in contract formation. As companies continue to conduct an extensive amount of business electronically, it is important to keep in mind what effect courts will give to agreements formed through email conversations.

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15Jun

Appellate Court Holds that “Shall Not Affect” and “Other Benefits” Language Reserved the Entirety of Royalty Interest

WTX Fund, LLC v. Brown, No. 08-17-00104-CV, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 94 (Tex. App.—El Paso Jan. 8, 2020, pet. filed)

In WTX Fund v. Brown, the El Paso Court of Appeals reviewed a dispute as to whether language in a 1951 mineral deed was sufficient to reserve a royalty interest in whole or in part. That issue turned largely on the meaning of the phrases “shall not affect” and “benefits.” Ultimately, the El Paso Court of Appeals held that, under the holistic four-corners approach, the proper interpretation was that the deed reserved the entirety of the grantor’s royalty interest.

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11Jun

Texas Supreme Court Holds that Assignment Conveyed Entire Lease Interest, Not Merely A Wellbore Interest

Piranha Partners v. Neuhoff, No. 18-0581, 63 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 474, 2020 Tex. LEXIS 136 (Tex. Feb. 21, 2020)

Where parties assign an interest in a lease with a single existing well, disputes can sometimes arise when the leasehold is further developed. Was the parties’ intent for the assignment to be limited to that single wellbore or did it also include production from later-drilled wells? The Texas Supreme Court reviewed a dispute as to whether an assignment of an overriding royalty interest conveyed an interest limited to an entire lease, a single well, or to the lands identified in the assignment.

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8Jun

Appellate Court Holds that “Blanket Easement” for Multiple Pipelines Did Not Require Single Route Across Property

Atmos Energy Corp. v. Paul, No. 02-19-00042-CV, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 1926 (Tex.App.-Ft. Worth, Mar. 5, 2020, no pet.)

In this case the Fort Worth Court of Appeals held that a “blanket easement” for multiple pipelines did not require the grantee to lay the additional pipelines along the same route as the initial pipeline, but rather the grantee was permitted to lay the additional pipeline anywhere upon the entire tract so long as its location does not unreasonably interfere with grantor’s property rights.

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4Jun

Appellate Court Holds that MSA Provision Acts as Enforceable De Facto Mineral Lien Waiver

Mesa Southern CWS Acquisitions, LP v. Deep Energy Exploration Partners, LLC, No. 14-18-00708-CV, 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 10107 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] November 21, 2019, no pet.).

The Fourteenth Court of Appeals in Houston held that provisions within a master service agreement, stating that a subcontractor could only seek payment or damages exclusively from the contractor, were effective to preclude that subcontractor from enforcing a mineral lien against the mineral property owner. In effect, some have interpreted this case as allowing a de facto lien waiver for Chapter 56 mineral liens, despite the prohibition on lien waivers under §53.286 of the Property Code. While Chapter 56 (providing for mineral liens) does not expressly address lien waivers, §56.041 does expressly provide that “A claimant must enforce the lien within the same time and in the same manner” as a Chapter 53 lien. For this reason, the subcontractor argued that this provision in the master service agreement was a de-facto mineral lien waiver, unenforceable and void as against public policy pursuant to §53.286. The appellate court disagreed, dismissed its claims, and ordered it to release its liens.

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1Jun
Midstream Update: Eastland Court of Appeals Extends Denbury Test to Crude Petroleum Pipelines

Federal Court Examines Jurisdictional Reach Over Outer Continental Shelfs

Sam V. Laborde Marine, L.L.C., Civil Action No. H-19-4041, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1585, (S.D. Tex. 2020)

Following removal from State Court, the Plaintiff challenged the federal trial court’s jurisdiction over the Plaintiff’s personal injury claim. Ultimately, the district court concluded that it had jurisdiction under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (“OCSLA”), which grants federal courts jurisdiction over certain disputes arising out of conduct on the Outer Continental Shelf (“OCS”), codified at 43 U.S.C. 1331, et seq.

At the time of his injury, the Plaintiff was working as an inspector on a platform located on the OCS. However, the injury occurred while the Plaintiff was walking down the stairs of a nearby vessel where Plaintiff was being housed during his employment. The Plaintiff claimed that the OCSLA did not apply to his claim because it arose on the vessel, rather than the platform located on the OCS. The Plaintiff claimed that for the OCSLA to apply, his injury must have occurred while he was on a “proper situs.” In other words, the injury had to have occurred on the platform and the fact that it occurred on the vessel precluded federal court jurisdiction.

The district court rejected the Plaintiff’s argument, concluding that the Fifth Circuit has “explicitly rejected the argument that OCSLA jurisdiction includes a situs requirement.” The court noted that there is a perceived conflict between the Fifth Circuit’s 2013 opinion in Barker v. Hercules, which appears to refer to a situs requirement, and the Fifth Circuit’s 2014 opinion in In re Deepwater Horizon, which appears to reject the inclusion of a situs requirement. Rather, In re Deepwater Horizon applied a “but for” test, looking only at whether the facts underlying the action would not have occurred but for an operation on the OCS. The district court harmonized the two Fifth Circuit opinions by concluding that Barker’s “situs” element applied only when determining whether OCSLA’s choice-of-law rules would apply. When the question is focused on jurisdiction, then Deepwater Horizon’s broader “but for” test would apply.

The district court applied the “but for” test and concluded that the Plaintiff’s injuries would not have occurred but for his employment as an inspector on a platform located on the OCS. Accordingly, the district court concluded that it was vested with jurisdiction.

28May

Recent Global Events and the Increased Importance of the Reasonably Prudent Operator Standard

Given the recent historic developments of the global pandemic and the dramatic drop in oil prices, the oil and gas industry is facing new issues never before encountered at this magnitude. For instance, storage of oil and gas is expected to reach full capacity. Pipeline companies are refusing to accept production in their pipelines. Global demand has come to a dead halt. The Railroad Commission has been asked to consider implementing statewide proration. In many cases, producers are facing the dilemma of involuntarily shutting in wells at the risk of possibly losing valuable leases. How long these events will last is currently unknown but many in the industry expect the industry fallout will stretch out over the next 12-18 months, if not longer.

It is inevitable that the law governing oil and gas will once again take on new developments. Undoubtedly, over the ensuing months many in the industry will be faced with challenges which will, by necessity, invoke the reasonably prudent operator standard in the context of the lessor/lessee relationship. This article provides a reminder of those duties and the interplay of the standard in the relationship between the lessor/lessee.

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21May

Surviving Oilfield Economic Turmoil in the Time of COVID-19

Oil and gas price volatility has always been an inescapable element of the energy business. That said, the current confluence of events is unprecedented and would have been hard to predict. On March 6, 2020 when the COVID-19 crisis was slowly making its way into the domestic news cycle, a long simmering conflict between Saudi Arabia and Russia over production levels came to a head with Russia’s refusal to continue abiding with OPEC guidance for agreed production level reductions. Saudi Arabia’s subsequent decisions to dramatically increase production levels and discount oil pricing were met with tit-for-tat responses by Russia and other market participants over the next 2 days, sparking sharp increases in supply and reductions in market prices of as much as 30% on March 8. Then the true magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the world economy and energy demand came to the fore. Subsequently, oil prices plummeted with WTI dipping into negative values in late April. As of this writing, prices have improved somewhat; however, IEA guidance sees global oil demand in a freefall due to the government actions to combat the COVID-19 contagion.

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